Who ICSI may help
- Low sperm count (few sperm in the semen)
- Poor sperm movement or shape
- Sperm collected by a small procedure from the testes, when there are no sperm in the semen
- Eggs that did not fertilise in an earlier IVF cycle
- Using frozen sperm or a small number of eggs
ICSI is part of IVF. The steps for the woman are the same as IVF. The only difference is how the egg and sperm are joined in the lab.
ICSI step by step
- Tests and planningBoth partners are tested, including a semen analysis. Your doctor explains the plan and the costs.
- Injections to grow eggsFor about 10–12 days, daily hormone injections help several eggs grow. Scans check how they are growing.
- Egg collection and sperm sampleEggs are collected in a short procedure under light anaesthesia. The male partner gives a semen sample the same day.
- Sperm injection in the labAn embryologist (a lab specialist) chooses healthy sperm and injects one into each mature egg.
- Embryo transferA healthy embryo is placed in the uterus after 3–5 days. Extra good embryos can be frozen.
- Pregnancy testA blood test about two weeks later shows whether you are pregnant.
What to expect
- Time: about 4–6 weeks from the start of injections to the pregnancy test, the same as IVF.
- For the male partner: usually just a semen sample on the day of egg collection. If there are no sperm in the semen, your doctor may suggest a small procedure to collect sperm directly.
- Not every egg fertilises. Only mature eggs can be injected, and some may not develop into embryos.
- Chances of success depend mainly on the woman's age and egg quality. Your doctor will talk about your own chances honestly.
Possible risks
The risks for the woman are the same as for IVF: ovarian hyperstimulation (OHSS), twins if more than one embryo is transferred, and mild discomfort. Your doctor will explain these. If the male partner has a genetic cause of infertility, your doctor may suggest genetic counselling before treatment.
Common questions about ICSI
Is ICSI different from IVF?
ICSI is a type of IVF. In standard IVF, sperm and eggs are placed together and fertilisation happens on its own. In ICSI, one sperm is injected into each egg.
Does the male partner need any treatment?
Usually he only gives a semen sample. Your doctor may also suggest lifestyle changes or medicines before treatment, depending on his test results.
Can ICSI help if there are no sperm in the semen?
Sometimes. Sperm can often be collected directly from the testes with a small procedure. Your doctor will explain whether this is possible for you.
How much does ICSI cost?
See our costs page for starting prices and what is included.